As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 2, 2018

Registration No. 333-                                        

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM S-8

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
____________

ASHLAND GLOBAL HOLDINGS INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
 
Delaware
 
 
 81-2587835
(State of Incorporation)
 
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
         
 
50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard
Covington, Kentucky 41011
(Address, including zip code, of
registrant’s principal executive offices)

ASHLAND GLOBAL HOLDINGS INC. 2018 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN
(Full title of the plan)

Peter J. Ganz, Esq.
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
50 E. RiverCenter Boulevard
Covington, Kentucky 41011
(Name and address of agent for service)

(859) 815-3333
(Telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☑Large accelerated filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated file (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of  Securities
to be Registered
 
Amount to be Registered (1)
 
Proposed
Maximum
Offering Price
Per Share (2)
Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price (2)
Amount of
Registration Fee
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
   
3,311,779
 
$70.85
$234,639,542
$29,213

(1)
Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), this registration statement on Form S-8 (this “Registration Statement”) also covers such indeterminate number of additional shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”) of Ashland Global Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Ashland”), as may become issuable under the Ashland Global Holdings Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2018 Omnibus Plan”) in connection with a stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization or similar transaction that results in an increase in the number of shares of Common Stock of Ashland.
 
     
(2)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) and Rule 457(h) under the Securities Act, and on the basis of the average of the high and low prices of Ashland’s Common Stock, as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on January 30, 2018.
 





EXPLANATORY NOTE

 On November 16, 2017, the Board of Directors of Ashland adopted, subject to stockholder approval, the 2018 Omnibus Plan.  On January 25, 2018, the 2018 Omnibus Plan was approved by Ashland’s stockholders at the 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Ashland.

This Registration Statement registers 3,311,779 shares of Common Stock, issuable to eligible employees and qualified non-employee directors of Ashland pursuant to the 2018 Omnibus Plan.

Contemporaneously with the filing of this Registration Statement, pursuant to Securities Act Rules CD&I 240.15, Ashland is filing Post-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-201895-01), as amended by Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the registration statement on Form S-8, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on September 20, 2016 (the “Prior Registration Statement”), to provide that the Prior Registration Statement shall also cover the issuance of the shares registered thereunder pursuant to the 2018 Omnibus Plan once such shares (the “Carried Forward Shares”) are no longer issuable pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2015 Ashland Global Holdings Inc. Incentive Plan (formerly known as the 2015 Ashland Inc. Incentive Plan, as amended and restated as of July 15, 2015) (the “Prior Plan”) and instead become authorized for issuance under the 2018 Omnibus Plan.  The Carried Forward Shares shall consist of (i) approximately 449,622 shares of Common Stock remaining available for issuance under the Prior Plan, but not underlying any outstanding awards under the Prior Plan as of January 25, 2018 and (ii) any shares of Common Stock allocable to outstanding awards under the Prior Plan as of January 25, 2018 to the extent that on or after January 25, 2018 such awards are forfeited, settled or terminated without a distribution of Common Stock.

PART I

INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE SECTION 10(a) PROSPECTUS

The documents containing the information specified in Part I of Form S-8 will be sent or given to participants of the 2018 Omnibus Plan, as specified by Rule 428(b)(1) under the Securities Act.  In accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission and the instructions to Form S-8, such documents are not being filed with the Commission either as part of this Registration Statement or as a prospectus or prospectus supplement pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act.  These documents and the documents incorporated by reference pursuant to Item 3 of Part II of this Registration Statement, taken together, constitute the prospectus as required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act.

PART II

INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT


Item 3.
Incorporation of Documents by Reference.

 The following documents filed by Ashland with the Commission are incorporated herein by reference as of their respective dates of filing with the Commission and shall be deemed to be a part of this Registration Statement:

(a)
Ashland’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, filed with the Commission on November 20, 2017;
   
(b)
Ashland’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2017, filed with the Commission on January 30, 2018;
   
 
 


 
 
(c)
Ashland’s Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on November 17, 2017, November 28, 2017 and January 26, 2018; and
   
(d)
The description of the shares of the Common Stock of Ashland contained in Ashland’s Registration Statement on Form S-4, filed with the Commission on August 3, 2016, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.
 
 All reports and other documents subsequently filed by Ashland pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement which indicates that all securities offered hereunder have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold hereunder, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference herein and to be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents; provided that documents or information deemed to have been “furnished” and not “filed” in accordance with the rules of the Commission shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement.
 
 Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein (or in any other subsequently filed document which also is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein) modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Registration Statement.

 
Item 4.
Description of Securities.

 Not applicable.

Item 5.
Interests of Named Experts and Counsel.

 The validity of the Common Stock offered hereby has been passed upon by Peter J. Ganz, Esq., Ashland’s Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary.  As of the date this Registration Statement is filed with the Commission, Mr. Ganz beneficially owns (i) 29,335 shares of Ashland Common Stock, of which 11,070 shares are unvested restricted Common Stock and (ii) 87,417 Stock Appreciation Rights, the value of which is based on the appreciation of Ashland Common Stock over time.  Mr. Ganz has received awards under the Prior Plan and may receive awards under the 2018 Omnibus Plan in the future.


Item 6.
  Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

A.  Indemnification
 
 The General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) provides that a corporation may indemnify any individual who was or is made, or threatened to be made, a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, because he or she is or was an officer, director, employee or agent of the corporation, or was serving at the request of the corporation as an officer, director, employee or agent of another corporation or entity, against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such proceeding if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation or, in the case of a criminal proceeding, he or she had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful.  In the case of an action brought by or in the right of the corporation, no indemnification is permitted if the director or officer is adjudged liable to the corporation, unless and only to the extent the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which the proceeding was brought determines that in view of all of the circumstances of the case such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification for expenses.
 



 
 
 A corporation must indemnify a present or former director or officer who successfully defends himself or herself in a proceeding to which he or she was a party because he or she was a director or officer of the corporation against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her. Expenses incurred by an officer or director, or any employees or agents as deemed appropriate by the board of directors, in defending civil or criminal proceedings may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such proceedings upon receipt of an undertaking to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he or she is not entitled to be indemnified. In general, Ashland’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate”) permits, and Ashland’s Amended and Restated By-laws (the “By-laws”) require, such indemnification with respect to directors and officers, to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware or other applicable law. Ashland is required by its By-laws to advance expenses that will be incurred by one of its directors or officers.

B.  Limitations on Directors’ Liability

 The DGCL permits a corporation to adopt a provision in its certificate of incorporation eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except that such provision may not limit the liability of a director for (i) any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders, (ii) acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) unlawful payment of dividends or stock purchases or redemptions or (iv) any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

 Ashland’s Certificate provides that, to the fullest extent that the DGCL or any other law of the State of Delaware permits the limitation or elimination of the liability of directors, no Ashland director shall be liable to Ashland or its shareholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director.

C.  Contracts

 Ashland has entered into indemnification agreements with each of its directors that require that Ashland indemnify such directors to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, subject to certain exceptions and limitations.

D.  Insurance

 Section 145 of the DGCL permits a corporation to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of directors, officers, employees or agents of the corporation, who are or were serving in that capacity, against liability asserted against or incurred in that capacity or arising from that status, whether or not the corporation would have power to indemnify against the same liability.

 Ashland has purchased insurance that (subject to certain terms and conditions, exclusions and deductibles) insures Ashland against certain costs that it might be required to pay by way of indemnification to directors or officers under Ashland’s organizational documents, indemnification agreements or otherwise, and protects individual directors and officers from certain losses for which they might not be indemnified by Ashland. In addition, Ashland has purchased insurance that provides liability coverage (subject to certain terms and conditions, exclusion and deductibles) for amounts that Ashland or the fiduciaries under their employee benefit plans, which may include its respective directors, officers and employees, might be required to pay as a result of a breach of fiduciary duty.
 



 
Item 7.
Exemption from Registration Claimed.

 Not applicable.

Item 8.
Exhibits.
Exhibit No.
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

_______________
* Filed herewith

Item 9.
Undertakings.
 
(a)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1)
to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made of the securities registered hereby, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement:

(i)
to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

(ii)
to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this Registration Statement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
 




 
(iii)
to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in this Registration Statement or any material change to such information in this Registration Statement;

provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement.

(2)
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
(3)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered hereby which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
(b)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 

 

SIGNATURES

 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, Ashland certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Covington, Commonwealth of Kentucky, on this 2nd day of February, 2018.

 
 
ASHLAND GLOBAL HOLDINGS INC.
 
(Registrant)
   
   
February 2, 2018
/s/ Peter J. Ganz
 
Peter J. Ganz
 
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
 
 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
 
Name
Title
Date
 
                       *                                                               
William A. Wulfsohn
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
 
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
J. Kevin Willis
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
J. William Heitman
 
Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
Brendan M. Cummins
Director
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
William G. Dempsey
 
Director
 
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
Jay V. Ihlenfeld
 
Director
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
Susan L. Main
 
Director
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
Jerome A. Peribere
 
Director
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
Barry W. Perry
 
Director
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
Mark C. Rohr
 
Director
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
Janice J. Teal
 
Director
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
Michael J. Ward
 
Director
February 2, 2018
                       *                                                               
Kathleen Wilson-Thompson
 
Director
February 2, 2018

 
*
The undersigned, by signing his name hereto, executes this Registration Statement pursuant to a power of attorney executed by the above-named persons and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to this Registration Statement.

 
 
/s/ Peter J. Ganz
 
 
Peter J. Ganz
   
Attorney-in-Fact
   
February 2, 2018


EXHIBIT 5.1
Ashland Global Holdings Inc.
50 E. RiverCenter Blvd.
Covington, Kentucky 41011



February 2, 2018


Ashland Global Holdings Inc.


Ladies and Gentlemen:

I am the Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Ashland Global Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Ashland”). Reference is made to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by Ashland on the date hereof with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) relating to the registration of 3,311,779 shares of Ashland common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), issuable pursuant to the Ashland Global Holdings Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2018 Omnibus Plan”).

In rendering the opinion below, I have supervised the examination of such documents, corporate records and other instruments as I have deemed necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this opinion, including, without limitation: (a) the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Ashland; (b) the Amended and Restated By-laws of Ashland; (c) certain resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors of Ashland; (d) the Registration Statement to be filed by Ashland with the Commission; and (e) the 2018 Omnibus Plan.

In rendering my opinion, I have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to me as originals, the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to me as copies and the authenticity of the originals of all documents submitted to me as copies.  I have also assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of the signatures of persons signing all documents in connection with which this opinion is rendered, the authority of such persons signing on behalf of the parties thereto and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents by the parties thereto other than Ashland.  I have not independently established or verified any facts relevant to the opinions expressed herein, but have relied upon statements and representations of other officers and other representatives of Ashland and others as to factual matters.

Based on the foregoing and in reliance thereon, and subject to compliance with applicable state securities laws and the qualifications hereinafter set forth, I am of the opinion that the Common Stock when, and if, issued and delivered pursuant to the terms of the 2018 Omnibus Plan will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

My opinion expressed above is limited to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. The opinions expressed herein are given as of the date hereof, and I undertake no, and hereby disclaim any, obligation to advise anyone of any change in any matter set forth herein. This opinion is limited to the specific issues addressed herein, and no opinion may be inferred or implied beyond that expressly herein. The reference and limitation to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware includes the statutory provisions and all applicable provisions of the Delaware Constitution and reported judicial decisions interpreting these laws.
 
 
 



I hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to me under the caption “Interests of Named Experts and Counsel” in the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, I do not thereby admit that I am included in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission.
  

   
 
Sincerely,
   
 
/s/ Peter J. Ganz
 
Peter J. Ganz




EXHIBIT 23.1

 
 
 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8) pertaining to the Ashland Global Holdings Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan of our reports dated November 20, 2017, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Ashland Global Holdings Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Ashland Global Holdings Inc. and Consolidated Subsidiaries included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended September 30, 2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Cincinnati, Ohio
January 30, 2018
EXHIBIT 23.3

 

CONSENT OF HAMILTON, RABINOVITZ & ASSOCIATES, INC.

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 pertaining to the Ashland Global Holdings Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Registration Statement”) of our being named in the Ashland Global Holdings Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2017, in the form and context in which we are named. We do not authorize or cause the filing of such Registration Statement and do not make or purport to make any statement other than as reflected in the Registration Statement.
 
     
/s/ Francine F. Rabinovitz
 
   
Hamilton, Rabinovitz & Associates, Inc.
   
By: Francine F. Rabinovitz
   
Date:   February 2, 2018
   

EXHIBIT 24.1

 
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each of the undersigned Directors and Officers of ASHLAND GLOBAL HOLDINGS INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”), hereby constitutes and appoints WILLIAM A. WULFSOHN, PETER J. GANZ, MICHAEL S. ROE AND JENNIFER I. HENKEL, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power to act without the others, as attorneys-in-fact on behalf of the undersigned and in the undersigned’s name, place and stead, as a Director or an Officer of the Corporation: (i) to sign the Registration Statement for shares under the ASHLAND GLOBAL HOLDINGS INC. 2018 OMNIBUS INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on Form S-8 (the “Registration Statement”), any amendments thereto, and all post-effective amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement for the registration of the Corporation’s securities; and (ii) to file the Registration Statement and any and all amendments and supplements thereto, with any exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, in each case, in such forms as they or any one of them may approve, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done to the end that such Registration Statement or Registration Statements shall comply with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the applicable Rules and Regulations adopted or issued pursuant thereto, as fully and to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their substitute or resubstitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. This Power of Attorney may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original and all of which, taken together, shall constitute one Power of Attorney.
Dated: January 25, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
         
/s/ William A. Wulfsohn
     
/s/ Jerome A. Peribere
William A. Wulfsohn, Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
Jerome A. Peribere, Director
/s/ J. Kevin Willis
     
/s/ Barry W. Perry
J. Kevin Willis, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
Barry W. Perry, Director
 
 
 
/s/ J. William Heitman
     
/s/ Mark C. Rohr
J. William Heitman, Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
Mark C. Rohr, Director
 
 
 
/s/ Brendan M. Cummins
     
/s/ Janice J. Teal
Brendan M. Cummins, Director
 
 
 
Janice J. Teal, Director
 
 
 
/s/ William G. Dempsey
     
/s/ Michael J. Ward
William G. Dempsey, Director
 
 
 
 
Michael J. Ward, Director
 
 
 
/s/ Jay V. Ihlenfeld
     
/s/ Kathleen Wilson-Thompson
Jay V. Ihlenfeld, Director
 
 
 
Kathleen Wilson-Thompson, Director
 
 
 
/s/ Susan L. Main
       
Susan L. Main, Director